事实信息题：20240915真题 passage1
(Climate Change in Early Urban Centers)
After four decades of research by climate specialists working together with archaeologists, a consensus has emerged that climate change toward a warmer and drier environment contributed to this disruption. Whether this was caused solely by human activity, in particular agriculture on a large scale, or was also related to cosmic causes such as the rotation of Earth's axis away from the Sun, is still a hotly debated topic. It was likely a combination of factors.
According to paragraph 2, experts have not yet agreed on whether the disruption in early urban centers was affected by
A. climate change.
B. a warmer and drier environment.
C. human activity.
D.cosmic causes.
思路解析
题目类型：事实信息题题
干扰选项：A/B、C
干扰类型：答非所问、信息不符
干扰项分析：
选项A：答非所问
选项A声称：“气候变化（climate change）作为导致早期城市中心崩塌的影响因素还没获得一致同意”。但是原文明确指出：“a consensus has emerged that climate change toward a warmer and drier environment contributed to this disruption”，即学界已达成共识，认为气候变暖变干是崩溃的促成因素。虽然气候变化（climate change）在文章中出现，但是题干要求回答“专家尚未达成一致的问题”，而选项A的内容属于学界已确认的共识，属于答非所问。
选项B：答非所问
选项B声称“气候变暖变干的环境（a warmer and drier environment）作为导致早期城市中心崩塌的影响因素还没获得一致同意”，但是原文明确指出：“climate change toward a warmer and drier environment contributed to this disruption”，即气候变暖变干的环境是气候变化的直接表现，其影响已被学界确认。该选项是A选项气候变化的进一步具体化描述，仍属于共识范畴，而非题干要求的争议内容，属于答非所问。
选项C：信息不符
选项C声称：“人类活动（human activity）作为导致早期城市中心崩塌的影响因素还没获得一致同意”，但是原文陈述：“Whether this was caused solely by human activity... or was also related to cosmic causes... is still a hotly debated topic”，即争议焦点在于人类活动是否为崩塌的唯·一原因，而非其是否参与影响。原文已经明确表达人类活动是原因之一，这和题干表达“人类活动不一定作为影响因素”产生对立，属于信息不符。
做题策略
1. 分析题干：分解题干问题、抓定位词
2. 原文定位
3. 理解定位词相关原文
4. 选项和定位句同义替换
正确答案：D
详细正确思路
1. 分析题干：分解题干问题、抓定位词
根据定位词的不可替换性，确定题目中定位词为“not yet agreed on”和“disruption in early urban centers”。
题目要求找到尚未达成共识的影响因素
2. 原文定位
关键词定位：题干中的核心信息为“experts have not yet agreed on”，需定位至原文中表示争议的句子：“Whether this was caused solely by human activity... or was also related to cosmic causes... is still a hotly debated topic.”
3. 理解定位词相关原文
共识（“a consensus has emerged”）：气候变暖变干（climate change toward a warmer and drier environment）是导致崩塌的客观因素。
争议（“hotly debated topic”）：崩溃的原因是否仅由人类活动（如大规模农业）引起，或需结合宇宙因素（如地轴旋转）。
4. 选项和定位句同义替换
同义替换识别：选项D（cosmic causes）对应原文“cosmic causes such as the rotation of Earth's axis away from the Sun”。
总结
本题需要考生在快速定位的基础上，精·准区分共识与争议：需严格区分原文中已明确的信息与未决问题，避免混淆。此外，对于捕捉限定词非常重要：如“solely”“also”等词汇直接影响选项的准确性，忽略这些词汇可能导致误判。考生还需要排除答非所问选项：即使选项内容在原文中出现，若与题目问题无关，仍需果断排除。
