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本周（2026 年 9 月第一周）是雅思考试在中国内地全面转为机考的第一周，传统的纸笔考场 “直击” 暂时与大家告别。但备考不能停！我们为大家带来一道反复出现的阅读高频旧题 ——《The Dingo Debate》的完整平行阅读法解析，手把手带练，助你稳拿高分！
作为雅思阅读的 “钉子户” 题目，《The Dingo Debate》（澳洲野狗之争）这篇文章在 2016 年 3 月 31 日、2016 年 6 月 30 日、2017 年 6 月 17 日、2022 年 8 月 20 日以及最近的 2025 年 7 月 19 日等多场纸笔和机考中反复出现，属于必练的高频旧题，掌握这篇的解题思路至关重要。
本文题型组合为典型的段落信息匹配（14‑20）+ 人名观点匹配（21‑23）+ 摘要填空（24‑26），难度中等偏上。很多同学遇到这种混搭题就慌乱，读得慢、找不准、做不完。今天，带大家用平行阅读法，按照文章的【自然段落顺序】，一段一段地毯式扫荡所有题目，真正做到一遍读完做完。
平行阅读法核心心法： 先花 2 分钟浏览所有题目，圈出关键词，然后从 A 段开始往下读。读完一段，立马回头检查所有题型，看看这段解决了哪几道题。不回头反复阅读！
参考文章：
Graziers see them as pests, and poisoning is common, but some biologists think Australia’s dingoes are the best weapon in a war against imported cats and foxes.
A A plane flies a slow pattern over Carlton Hill station, a 3,600 square kilometre ranch in the Kimberley region in northwest Australia. As the plane circles, those aboard drop 1,000 small pieces of meat, one by one, onto the scrubland below, each piece laced with poison; this practice is known as baiting. Besides 50,000 head of cattle, Carlton Hill is home to the dingo, Australia’s largest mammalian predator and the bane of a grazier's (cattle farmer's) life. Stuart McKechnie, manager of Carlton Hill, complains that graziers’ livelihoods are threatened when dingoes prey on cattle. But one man wants the baiting to end, and for dingoes to once again roam Australia’s wide‑open spaces. According to Chris Johnson of James Cook University, ‘Australia needs more dingoes to protect our biodiversity.’
B About 4,000 years ago, Asian sailors introduced dingoes to Australia. Throughout the ensuing millennia, these descendants of the wolf spread across the continent and, as the Tasmanian tiger disappeared completely from Australia, dingoes became Australia’s top predators. As agricultural development took place, the European settlers found that they could not safely keep their livestock where dingoes roamed. So began one of the most sustained efforts at pest control in Australia’s history. Over the last 150 years, dingoes have been shot and poisoned, and fences have been used in an attempt to keep them away from livestock. But at the same time, as the European settlers tried to eliminate one native pest from Australia, they introduced more of their own.
C In 1860, the rabbit was unleashed on Australia by a wealthy landowner and by 1980 rabbits had covered most of the mainland. Rabbits provide huge prey base for two other introduced species: the feral (wild) cat and the red fox. The Interaction between foxes, cats and rabbits is a huge problem for native mammals. In good years, rabbit numbers increase dramatically, and fox and cat populations grow quickly in response to the abundance of this prey. When bad seasons follow, rabbit numbers are significantly reduced ‑ and the dwindling but still large fox and cat populations are left with little to eat besides native mammals.
D Australian mammals generally reproduce much more slowly than rabbits, cats and foxes ‑ an adaptation to prevent overpopulation in the arid environment, where food can be scarce and unreliable ‑ and populations decline because they can’t grow fast enough to replace animals killed by the predators. Johnson says dingoes are the solution to this problem because they keep cat and fox populations under control. Besides regularly eating the smaller predators, dingoes will kill them simply to lessen competition. Dingo packs live in large, stable territories and generally have only one fertile female, which limits their rate of increase. In the 4,000 years that dingoes have been in Australia, they have contributed to few, if any, extinctions, Johnson says.
E Reaching out from a desolate spot where three states meet, for 2,500 km in either direction, is the world’s longest fence, two metres high and stretching from the coast in Queensland to the Great Australian Bight in South Australia; it is there to keep dingoes out of southeast, the fence separates the main types of livestock found in Australia. To the northwest of the fence, cattle predominate; to the southwest, sheep fill the landscape. In fact, Australia is a land dominated by these animals ‑ 25 million cattle, 100 million sheep and just over 20 million people.
F While there is no argument that dingoes will prey on sheep if given the chance, they don’t hunt cattle once the calves are much past two or three weeks old, according to McKechnie. And a study in Queensland suggests that dingoes don’t even prey heavily on the newborn calves unless their staple prey disappears due to deteriorating conditions like drought. This study, co‑authored by Lee Allen of the Robert Wicks Research Centre in Queensland, suggests that the aggressive baiting programs used against dingoes may actually be counter‑productive for graziers. When dingoes are removed from an area by baiting the area is recolonized by younger, more solitary dingoes. These animals aren’t capable of going after the large prey like kangaroos, so they turn to calves. In their study, some of the highest rates of calf predation occurred in areas that had been baited.
G Mark Clifford, general manager of a firm that manages over 200,000 head of cattle, is not convinced by Allen’s assertion. Clifford says, ‘It’s obvious if we drop or loosen control on dingoes, we are going to lose more calves.’ He doesn’t believe that dingoes will go after kangaroos when calves are around. Nor is he persuaded of dingoes’ supposed ecological benefits, saying he is not convinced that they manage to catch cats that often, believing they are more likely to catch small native animals instead.
H McKechnie agrees that dingoes kill the wallabies (small native animals) that compete with his cattle for food, but points out that in parts of Western Australia, there are no foxes, and not very many cats. He doesn’t see how relaxing controls on dingoes in his area will improve the ecological balance. Johnson sees a need for a change in philosophy on the part of graziers. ‘There might be a number of different ways of thinking through dingo management in cattle country,’ he says. ‘At the moment, though, that hasn’t got through to graziers. There’s still just one prescription, and that is to bait as widely as possible.’
Reading Passage has eight sections, A‑H. Which sections contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A‑H, in boxes 14‑20 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 14. a description of a barrier designed to stop dingoes, which also divides two kinds of non‑natives animals 15. how dingoes ensure that rival species do not dominate 16. a reference to a widespread non‑native species that other animals feed on 17. a mention of the dingo’s arrival in Australia 18. research which has proved that dingoes have resorted to eating young livestock 19. a description of a method used to kill dingoes 20. the way that the structure of dingo groups affects how quickly their numbers grow
Look at the following statements (Questions 21‑23) and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, A, B, C or D. 21. Dingoes tend to hunt native animals rather than hunting other non‑native predators. 22. The presence of dingoes puts the income of some people at risk. 23. Dingoes have had little impact on the dying out of animal species in Australia.
List of People A. Stuart McKechnie B. Chris Johnson C. Lee Allen D. Mark Clifford
Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. 24. The dingo replaced the ________ as the main predatory animal in Australia. 25. Foxes and cats are more likely to hunt native animals when there are fewer ________. 26. Australian animals reproduce at a slow rate as a natural way of avoiding ________.
段落 A：飞机低飞投放毒饵（baiting）；经理 McKechnie 抱怨生计受威胁；生物学家 Johnson 呼吁保护野狗。
段落 B：4000 年前亚洲水手引入野狗；塔斯马尼亚虎消亡，野狗成为澳洲顶 级捕食者；欧洲定居者开展野狗灭杀，同时引入外来物种。
段落 C：兔子被引入澳洲，成为野猫、狐狸的猎物；环境恶化兔子数量下降，猫和狐狸转而捕食本土哺乳动物。
段落 D：Johnson 提出野狗可以压制猫、狐狸种群；野狗族群结构限制自身繁衍速度；野狗几乎没有造成澳洲物种灭绝；本土动物慢速繁衍避免种群过剩。
段落 E：介绍世界最长防野狗围栏，地理上分隔牛、羊两类牲畜。
段落 F：McKechnie 阐述野狗捕食习性；Lee Allen 研究：毒杀野狗之后，幼年野狗会捕食牛犊。
段落 G：Mark Clifford 质疑 Allen 研究结论，认为野狗更多捕食本土小动物，而非野猫狐狸。 ‑21 题人名匹配：Dingoes tend to hunt native animals rather than hunting other non‑native predators Clifford 观点：more likely to catch small native animals instead，答案：D（Mark Clifford）
至此，只通读一遍文章完成全部题目，这就是平行阅读法的实战优势！
14：E 15：D 16：C 17：B 18：F 19：A 20：D 21：D 22：A 23：B 24：Tasmanian tiger 25：rabbits 26：overpopulation
表格
| 考题关键词 | 原文对应词 | 替换逻辑 |
|---|---|---|
| barrier（屏障） | fence | 同义词 |
| rival species（竞争物种） | cats and foxes / smaller predators | 抽象转具体 |
| widespread（广泛分布） | covered most of the mainland | 抽象转具体 |
| arrival（抵达） | introduced | 同义改写 |
| young livestock（幼畜） | calves | 上下义替换 |
| method used to kill（捕杀手段） | baiting / poisoned | 原词复现 |
| structure of groups（族群结构） | packs / territories / one fertile | 特征概括 |
| income /livelihoods（生计） | livelihoods are threatened | 同义 |
| extinctions（灭绝） | dying out | 同义 |
| prevent（预防） | avoid | 同义 |
学术高频词速记 feral adj. 野生的；arid adj. 干旱的；abundance n. 充足；dwindling adj. 逐渐减少的；predator n. 捕食者；prey n. 猎物
rabbits。希望本篇解析帮助大家吃透《The Dingo Debate》！你还想看到哪篇高频旧题的解析？
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