修辞目的题:TPO58-passage1
(The Development of Instrumental Music )
Not surprisingly, the rise of instrumental music was accompanied by improvements in instruments and refinements in tuning. Indeed, instrumental music came to dominate musical composition at the very moment that Western musicians were perfecting such stringed instruments as the violin, viola, and cello and such keyboard instruments as the organ and harpsichord. By the early eighteenth century, musicians were adopting the system of tuning known as equal temperament, whereby the octave was divided into twelve half-steps of equal size. Johann Sebastian Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier (1722) was an attempt to popularize this system to a skeptical musical public. The new attention paid to improving instruments and systematizing tuning mirrored the efforts of scientists and philosophers to bring precision and uniformity to the tools and methods for scientific inquiry.
Why does the author mention the activities of “scientists and philosophers” in the passage?
A. To indicate that the new emphasis on accuracy and systematization that was taking place in music was also taking place in other fields
B. To suggest that the study of music was no longer limited to musicians only
C. To argue that some of the changes in instrumental music originated outside of musical circles
D. To provide an example of professions that supported the new approaches in seventeenth-century instrumental music
思路解析
题目类型:修辞目的题
干扰选项:B/D;C
干扰类型:无中生有;逻辑混乱
干扰项分析:
选项B:无中生有(原文未提及"no longer limited to musicians only")
选项B声称:表明音乐研究不再局限于音乐家群体。
错误原因:原文仅通过"mirrored"(反映)建立音乐与科学领域的平行类比关系,而选项添加了"研究主体扩大"这一原文完全未涉及的信息。科学家和哲学家在文中是作为参照对象出现,用于说明不同领域存在相似发展趋势,但从未表示这些领域的研究者实际参与了音乐研究。
选项C:逻辑混乱
选项C声称:认为器乐的某些变化源于音乐圈外部。
错误原因:原文使用"mirrored"(反映)明确表达音乐与科学领域是平行发展的类比关系,而选项错误地将这种类比关系曲解为因果关系。文中仅说明两个领域各自出现了相似趋势,但从未表明音乐领域的改进是由外部科学界所引发或推动的。
选项D:无中生有(原文未提到"supported the new approaches in seventeenth-century instrumental music")
选项D声称:提供支持17世纪器乐新方法的职业(科学家和哲学家)例证。
错误原因:原文中科学家和哲学家仅作为类比参照物出现,用来说明不同领域存在相似发展趋势。选项错误地将这种类比关系升级为实质性的支持关系。文中没有任何证据表明这些学者实际参与或推动了音乐领域的变革,两者只是平行发展而非协作关系。
做题策略:
1. 原文定位
2. 锁定定位句所证明的观点句
3. 观点句和选项同义替换
正确答案:A
详细正确思路
1. 原文定位
快速锁定提及科学家和哲学家的句子: "The new attention paid to improving instruments and systematizing tuning mirrored the efforts of scientists and philosophers to bring precision and uniformity to the tools and methods for scientific inquiry."
2. 锁定定位句所证明的观点句
从观点信号词以及段落结构判断出该句本身就是核心观点句——音乐领域的精确化、系统化趋势与科学哲学领域形成镜像对照。
观点核心:不同领域同时出现对精确性和统一性的追求。
具体判断思路:
1. 从观点信号词判定:“mirrored”建立一种关系——类比关系,代表了一种主观的、将两个不同事物进行联系和比较的判断,而不是客观的事实罗列。
2. 从段落逻辑结构判定:证据/细节+观点
本句之前的内容描述了“乐器改进”、“调音系统化”、“巴赫推广新调音法”等一系列具体事实和细节。而本句将上文所有这些音乐领域的“具体事实”与另一个宏大领域(科学和哲学)的“努力”联系起来,进行了核心观点输出和总结——不同领域同时出现对精确性和统一性的追求。
3. 观点句和选项同义替换
- 观点句:"mirrored the efforts of scientists and philosophers" → 选项A:"was also taking place in other fields"
关键词替换:
- 观点句中"mirrored"(反映)替换选项中"was also taking place"(同样发生)
- 观点句中"scientists and philosophers"(科学家和哲学家)替换选项中 "other fields"(其他领域)
- 观点句中"improving instruments and systematizing tuning"(改进乐器和系统化调音)替换选项中 "new emphasis on accuracy and systematization"(对精确和系统化的新重视)
总结:
本题的深层挑战在于准确锁定观点句,这需要考生掌握双重判定方法:既要敏锐识别观点标志词(如"mirrored"这类揭示逻辑关系的关键动词),又要深入理解段落结构功能(观点句通常是对前述细节的总结与升华)。
许多考生的失误恰恰源于仅关注词汇表面含义,而忽略了句子在段落中的核心地位。为此,必须建立"结构优先于细节"的思维模式,在定位目标内容后,主动回溯寻找其直接服务的观点句。
同时,在排除干扰项时,要严格遵循两大原则:一是区分逻辑关系,警惕选项将原文的平行类比偷换为因果关系等错误逻辑;二是杜绝无中生有,确保选项的每个要素都在原文有明确对应,坚决排除任何自行添加的主体、行为或关系。唯有通过系统训练这种"定位-对应-验证"的解题框架,才能从根本上提升对文本架构的分析能力,实现解题准确率的质的飞跃。