Question
TPO53-passage3
(Paleolithic Cave Paintings)
In any investigation of the origins of art, attention focuses on the cave paintings created in Europe during the Paleolithic era (c. 40,000-10,000 years ago) such as those depicting bulls and other animals in the Lascaux cave in France. Accepting that they are the best preserved and most visible signs of what was a global creative explosion, how do we start to explain their appearance? Instinctively, we may want to update the earliest human artists by assuming that they painted for the sheer joy of painting. The philosophers of Classical Greece recognized it as a defining trait of humans to "delight in works of imitation"—to enjoy the very act and triumph of representation. If we were close to a real lion or snake, we might feel frightened. But a well- executed picture of a lion or snake will give us pleasure. Why suppose that our Paleolithic ancestors were any different?
In paragraph 1, why does the author mention the views of the philosophers of Classical Greece?
选项：
A. To show how explanations about the appearance of cave painting during the Paleolithic have changed over time
B. To present a theory about humans and art that may be applicable to the Paleolithic era
C. To argue that Paleolithic paintings were created for the joy of painting, while Classical art was created to accurately represent the natural world
D. To demonstrate that the Greek philosophers were the first to accurately understand Paleolithic art
思路解析：
题目类型：修辞目的题
干扰选项：A/C/D
干扰类型：无中生有
干扰项分析：
选项A：无中生有（原文未提及观点演变）
选项A声称：作者提到希腊哲学家是为了展示对洞穴壁画解释的历时变化。但是，原文仅引用希腊哲学家的观点作为类比（人类天生享受模仿的乐趣），并未讨论观点如何随时间演变。关键词"changed over time"在原文无对应。
选项C：无中生有（原文未对比Paleolithic与Classical art的创作目的）
选项C声称：作者用希腊哲学家的观点对比Paleolithic绘画（为了快乐）与Classical艺术（为了精确再现自然）。但是原文并没有提到Classical art的创作目的，而只是用希腊哲学家的观点被用来说明人类普遍的艺术动机（"delight in imitation"）。
选项D：无中生有（原文未提到"first to accurately understand"）
选项D声称：希腊哲学家是首·个准确理解Paleolithic艺术的群体。
错误原因：原文仅将希腊观点作为类比，未提及其对Paleolithic艺术的"准确理解"。
做题策略：
1. 原文定位
2. 锁定定位句所证明的观点句
3. 观点句和选项同义替换
正确答案：B
详细正确思路：
1. 原文定位
快速锁定提及希腊哲学家的句子（"The philosophers of Classical Greece..."）： "The philosophers of Classical Greece recognized it as a defining trait of humans to "delight in works of imitation"—to enjoy the very act and triumph of representation."
2. 锁定定位句所证明的观点句
通过表达观点的核心词（assuming）锁定前一句是核心观点——"Instinctively, we may want to update the earliest human artists by assuming that they painted for the sheer joy of painting."
通过假设原始艺术家出于纯粹绘画乐趣而创作，来更新对他们的认知。
3. 观点句和选项同义替换
- 选项"a theory about humans and art"（关于人类和艺术的理论）替换观点句中 "assuming that they painted for the sheer joy of painting"（人类和艺术理论具像化：绘画纯粹乐趣）
- 选项中"the Paleolithic era"替换观点句中"the earliest human artists"
- 选项中"applicable"对应观点句中"update"
原文中"update"指用新视角（艺术愉悦论）重新解释旧石器艺术家的行为，本质是让现代理论（希腊哲学家的观点）适配（apply to）古代情境。
表达观点的词语补充：
动词：contend, claim, assert, suggest, argue, hold, insist, advocate, find, believe, view, regard, agree, propose, think, assume
名词：theory, view, opinion
总结
在解答修辞目的题时，考生需始终围绕观点定位与同义替换这一核心逻辑展开，避免陷入因缺乏系统性策略而导致的常见误区。许多学生往往过度关注段落中的细节信息，试图通过孤立分析某一句话或某个例子来推导答案，却忽略了修辞目的题的本质在于分析文本结构功能——即作者为何在特定位置引入某一内容，其根本目的是为了支撑或阐明某个更宏观的论点。
要有效提升此类题型的解题准确率，考生必须培养结构化阅读能力，通过快速识别段落中的观点-证据层级关系，明确区分主旨句（通常出现在段首/段尾或转折词后）与支撑性细节（如事例、数据、引用等），并严格检验选项是否与观点句形成精·准的同义替换。同时，应特别警惕那些包含无文本依据的绝·对化表述、擅自添加逻辑关系等的干扰选项，这些选项往往通过细节拼凑。只有通过系统性地训练观点抓取能力和逻辑映射能力，才能避免被表面细节干扰，真正把握修辞目的题考查的文本架构分析本质。
