【综合写作】

阅读：

Phoenicians（腓尼基人）是否是大西洋岛屿的第·一批定居者

阅读：认为Phoenicians是第·一批定居者，提出三个原因

1.发现了一个洞穴，里面有宗教用品，比如stone altar和bowls， 与腓尼基风格相似

2.在洞穴中还发现了Phoenician coins （腓尼卡硬币）

3.Phoenicians以海上航行而闻名，所以对他们来说，长途跋涉到这个岛屿并不难

听力反驳：

1.没有足够的证据来证实在洞穴中发现的物品是仪式的宗教物品，所以不能证明洞穴是曾经Phoenicians用来宗教活动的地方

2.腓尼基人曾经去过葡萄牙的一个小镇，腓尼基硬币可能留在了那个小镇，阅读的作者把这两者搞混了

3.大西洋的洋流和海浪是向东移动的，当时的腓尼基人不可能向西航行到岛屿

【学术讨论】

重复2023.8.2（家庭版）

Doctor 

In the next few weeks, we'll be talking about urban traffic management. Let's begin by discussing one popular idea--creating car-free central zones. Some cities around the world have recently designated their downtown  areas as being automobile-free, which means that vehicles are not allowed to enter the city centers. Do you think that more cities should make their central zones car-free？Why and why not?

Claire

I support the idea of establishing car-free central zones because this will result in one important benefit for city residents-it will be better for their health. Instead of driving everywhere, people will be encouraged to walk or cycle more. It would be a great way to incorporate exercise into people's routines. 

Paul

It sounds like a good idea, but I'm skeptical. My main concern is that many businesses located in the city centers, such as shops and restaurants, may suffer because the customers will no longer be able to reach those businesses by car. For some customers, if they can't drive, they won't go at all. 

【综合写作】

阅读art funding

阅读认为有三个好处:

1.资金回笼。政府可以从私有公司collect

money，这是一笔很大的财政收，through toll fee (举例:芝加哥市政府将Chicago skyway出租给Private Company99年，于是可以收钱99年，这么大笔财政收入用途广泛，可以from balancing budget to assist public schools)

2.私人公司可以维修桥梁(私有公司提供更好的维护，政府倾向于不断建造新的基础设施，而不维护旧的基础设施，这就可以看到很多城市的基础设施维护不完善。而私有公司在这个行业里面，因此更专业，能提供更好的维护)

3.私人公司会引进新技术(因为私有公司自己收钱，所以更有动力去更新技术，investment开发技术)

听力导致艺术审查，危害社会：

1.Skyway的经营权出让给私有公司99年，可是同时也将"收钱的权利"出让给了私有公司99年。私有公司收到的钱很有可能最终超过"建设费用"，而这笔钱还不如让政府修建更多的新公路)

2.私有公司不会提供维护，只会关注short term profit (举例:南美一座城市的政府将water

system出租给private company，结果私有公司只顾着收钱，根本不维修，使得供水系统条件in a bad condition，最后政府不得不收回供水系统自己维修)

3.私有公司不会引进新技术，通常一座城市只有一种基础设施，比如一个城市only one water

system或者一套subway system，消费者没有选择，因此如果基础设施私有化，私人公司no competition around，这使他们能够维持垄断地位，从而没有动力去引进新技术

【学术讨论】

重复2023.10.10线下

Professor

This week, we'll be discussing ways in which schools can help expose their students (aged 5-18) to learning experiences beyond the classroom. Let's begin by discussing one popular idea that some schools are considering - offering outdoor classes once a month. On the day of outdoor classes, students will be transported to local parks or nature preserves, and teachers can help students explore nature and learn about the environment. Do you think this is a good idea? Why or why not? 

Kelly 

Having outdoor classes once a month seems like an exciting way of providing students with interesting hands-on experiences. However, I don't think these classes would be a worthwhile use of instructional time and school resources. These classes could put substantial pressure on the school's financial resources and on teachers, who may have to redesign their lesson plans. 

Paul 

On the other hand, outdoor classes can increase students' motivation to learn about the interconnectedness of the natural world. These classes could provide great opportunities to teach students about pressing environmental issues, such as pollution, and ways to address these problems. It would deepen their understanding beyond what books alone could achieve and would be time well spent.

【综合写作】

herbicide不是导致evergreen tree死亡的原因

1.environmental safe（有tests证明）

2.uneven environmental pattern

3.other causes（higher-than-average temperature和droughts）

听力反驳

herbicide确实是evergreen tree死亡的原因

1.这个test只测试了herbicide对于animals（dogs/cats）的影响，没有测试关于evergreen trees

2.这个uneven environmental pattern是符合herbicide的运作规律的

（herbicide dissolve in water-flow downstream-collect in lower areas）所以会影响到下游的evergreen trees，但是elevated areas的trees remain healthy

3.heat会导致old trees 变brown，但是这儿是new trees 变brown，所以并不是other causes导致

【学术讨论】

重复2024年2月3日

Doctor Achebe

This week, we'll be discussing the future of education. Let's focus now on the following viewpoint: it is no longer useful to spend many years pursuing a traditional, specialized university degree in a single field, such as communications or economics. Instead, it makes more sense for most people to complete several shorter certification programs and earn certificates in, for example, project management, computer programming, graphic design, and so on. Do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint? Why?

Kelly

I strongly support this approach because it aligns with the changing preferences of many individuals in the modern world who often wish to switch majors or career paths. Embracing certification programs allows people to explore and pursue the fields they are passionate about without the commitment of lengthy degree programs.

Andrew

University education is a superior choice due to its comprehensive and specialized nature. While certification programs offer quick training, universities provide a more in-depth understanding of a subject. They encourage critical thinking, research skills and a broader knowledge base. University degrees often lead to higher earning potential and career opportunities.

2.肥皂

3.Rome的industry

4.抵御寒冷

5.荷兰冬天的风景画：是受气候影响还是人文社会影响

6.水生植物如何一步步进化适应陆地生活的

7.Animal migration in Serengeti

8.建筑material（cast、iron、steel）

9. The Greek City-States: Sparta and Athens

命中托福阅阅《机经真题130篇》第50篇

10.地质学中灾变论向均变论的转变

【第·一套】

C1：生活类对话。学生想在寝室旁边种向日葵，被管理员拒绝。管理员建议学生开展社团活动来种花。

L1：艺术类，平常绘画风格是colourful，后来变得很忧郁。

L2：古生物学

C2：学科对话。学生和教授讨论经济学作业，和开展新企业有关。老师询问学生开展新企业的资金。

L3：商业。广告中的虚假宣传需要被限制，举例：冰淇淋的卡路里造假。

【第二套】

C1：生活类对话。学生想和朋友住在一起，管理员说她可以现在申请，或者等她朋友一起来申请。

L1：地理学，地区管理相关。

L2：生物学，r /k策略，一种是大量的生，不注重质量，一种是少生，注重质量（大象）。例外情况：海龟，两种策略都采用。

L3：艺术类，如何鉴定艺术真伪，例子：一副画作是否是达芬奇的作品。可能的分析线索：画纸的年代、画作的色彩、人物的服饰和发型等，以及画家的指纹。

【第三套】

C1：学生要去野外观察蜂鸟

L1：天文学，关于planet 形成的两个原因。

L2：艺术类，讲解了19世纪末和20世纪初艺术运动的变革，尤其是雕塑的变化。一些日常生活中的物品，被艺术家选作艺术品进行展示。装置艺术：室内、室外、互动。

【第四套】

C1：教授让学生去给高中生上课，关于莎士比亚的内容。

L1：海洋生物学，为什么一些海洋生物需要长距离迁徙。

L2：彗星对地球生物的影响。可能和地球生命的起源有关。

L3：18世纪文学

【第五套】

C1：生活类对话，学生和管理员讨论电影俱乐部的活动。

L1：生物学，海蛇如何在海水的高盐分环境中喝到淡水

命中《听力真题汇编1》Practice14 Lecture 1

C2：学生和教授讨论项目研究方向，和鸟类有关。

第·一套

task 1 命中《真题第三册》P24

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more difficult to be a good parent today than in the past.

Task 2

wheeling area

Task 3

citizen res

Task 4

desert animals

第二套

Task 1

Some people prefer to watch films that are exciting and entertaining. Others prefer to watch films that are more serious and have an important message or teach them something new. What kind of film do you prefer and why? Use specific examples and details in your response.

Task 2

宿舍离campus很远, 在宿舍里建一个小健身房

Task 3

[阅读]

找有兴趣的人去帮做调研

[听力]

观察bird population和species的数量. 找各个州里面喜欢观察鸟的提供数据. 

Task 4

动物在沙漠中适应高温

1. have special features 

2. put distance between the body and the ground

第三套

Task 1命中《真题第四册》P33

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？Children should be taught to be independent at an early age.

Task 2

学校给学生提供一个写作区域

Task 3

[阅读]

network effect

[听力]

很多人同时打电话占线网络不好

Task 4

动物因为受到环境破坏 

1. 必须吃更多的植物来获得原有需要的营养 

2. 消化更费劲