本期我们要学习一些社会问题相关的词汇。

1. commercialize /kəˈmɜ:ʃəˌlaɪz/

v. 使商业化;以…牟利

e.g. Olympics have become a commercialized extravaganza.

补充：extravaganza 盛大活动

e.g. Some people have become disillusioned with how commercialized Spring Festival has become.

雅思口语话题中描述过度开发和商业化的景点：

e.g. The beach resort has been over-commercialized and has none of its original charm.

反之没有被过度开发的：

unspoiled 地方未经开发的，有自然美的

pristine 原始的；未受破坏的

e.g. Although the infrastructure has developed, most of the places I remember are unspoiled, and pristine.

2. infrastructure /'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/

n. 基础设施（如道路和桥梁等）

e.g. More money is needed to maintain the city's infrastructure.

e.g. Improvements are being made to the region's decrepit infrastructure.

补充：decrepit 破旧的;年久失修的

雅思口语话题：What can be done to reduce traffic congestion in cities？

e.g. One thing is to invest in infrastructure. Building new roads, highways, and bridges can help accommodate more traffic and reduce congestion.

3. scarcity /'skeəsɪtɪ/

n, 缺乏;不足;稀少

e.g. water/ food scarcity 水资源/食物短缺

e.g. There is a great scarcity of food in the drought-stricken areas.

e.g. The scarcity of natural resources is detrimental to economic development in the country.

补充：be detrimental to 对…有害

adj. scarce /skeəs/乏的；不足的

e.g. Skilled workers have become increasingly scarce in some parts of the country.

e.g. When sugar, coffee, and other foods were scarce, many people hoarded them.

补充：hoard 贮藏;囤积；

爱囤积东西的人：a hoarder

4. vulnerable /'vʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l/

adj. 脆弱的;易受伤害的；

如：vulnerable groups 弱势群体

其他表达方式：

disadvantaged/ underprivileged groups

e.g. Public attitude is inclined to sympathize with vulnerable groups.

e.g. The program provides aid for economically disadvantaged groups.

adj. 易感染某种疾病的；易患病的

搭配：be vulnerable to

e.g. The patient will be more vulnerable to infection immediately after surgery.

e.g. People who live a sedentary lifestyle are especially vulnerable to heart disease.

补充：infection 感染

v. be infected with 感染…疾病

sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式