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流程图:类型一【制作工序】
写作关键:1)避免简答题式的写作(短小的句子扎堆;句子开头/主语趋同;机械地衔接词进行步骤衔接)。
2)表工艺的动词;3)表过程中半成品的名词。4)通用的名词和动词。
【开头段】
Shown in the diagrams is how liquid chocolate is manufactured.
- 线图习惯用“graph”,饼图和柱/条状习惯用“chart”,流程图习惯用“diagram” 。
- 第·一句开头的【倒装】。注意动词的单复数由倒置后的主语决定。
【主体部分第1段】写【运送到工厂前】
- To manufacture liquid chocolate, one category of raw material – the red pods – is the necessity.
- Picked from cacao trees cultivated in South America, Africa, and Indonesia, the ripe red pods are then split in two to harvest the white cocoa beans.
- The following step happens in a large wooden box, at the bottom of which are several green leaves.
- At this procedure, the harvested beans are fermented, with the colour turning into brown.
- Here comes the next step where the fermented beans are spread in the sun for some time to evaporate moisture.
- Having been packed into large sacks by farmers, the dry beans are delivered to factories by train or lorry.
- 第二句先利用“v.ed非谓语”,再借助then,表示步骤先后的同时,加入特殊语法现象。
- 第三句虚线部分,是“定语从句+完全倒装”的特殊语法,which指代前面box,流程图简单的步骤中也可以加入有难度的特殊语法。
- 第四句虚线部分为“独立主格”;内容维度上,是“图表的隐藏信息”,要观察仔细。
- 第五句中,“蒸发水分”的表达可积累,很多流程图中,加热的目的就是蒸发水分。
- 第六句中,利用前后“时态特征”(现在完成时-一般现在时)来体现步骤的先后顺序。
- 表工艺的动词是词汇得分的重点。
- 绿色词汇为“同根词不同词性的变体”,将前一个步骤的动词转为形容词修饰产物,以此加强前后步骤的衔接。
【主体部分第2段】写【运送到工厂后】
- After arriving at the factory, the dry beans are roasted in an oven at a high temperature of 350 ℃, which is followed by milling the beans in a crusher for the purpose of removing the crispy outer shells and revealing the inner parts.
- The final step is that the inner parts, once placed in a machine with two rollers, are squeezed into liquid chocolate – the final products.
- 第·一句话,承上启下,让两个段落形成联系。这是文章脉络的得分的“妙笔”。语法层面,注意最后and连接的平行结构,均为for the purpose of后的内容。
- 第二句,主句带表语从句,插入once引导一个v.ed非谓语,最后由短破折引导一个同位语作解释说明。
表工艺的动词 以及 通用的动词 是词汇得分的重点。
【结尾段】
Overall, the entire process, including growing cacao trees and producing chocolate, is of certain complexity, going through a series of steps and a number of apparatuses.
- 注意第·一句“including”中“and”前后的平行。
- 注意【be + of + 名词】=【be + 这个名词对应的形容词】。例如:It is of social significance. = It is socially significant. 句中的“is of certain complexity” = “be complex to some extent”。
- 注意【伴随状语】,逻辑是“伴随着主句所讲的事情而发生”,功能是1)表结果;或2)表补充说明。这里是功能2)。